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BOCES: New York's shared-services partners
BOCES stands for Boards of Cooperative Educational Services. A BOCES lets school districts share teachers, programs and services that are hard for one district to run alone.
What is a BOCES?
NYSED calls a BOCES "a public organization that provides shared educational programs and services to school districts." The State Legislature passed the law in 1948 to help small rural districts combine their resources.
- It serves districts, not one town. Each BOCES serves the school districts in its region. These are called its component districts.
- It is public. A BOCES is governed by a board and is subject to state audits.
- It cannot tax. NYSED says BOCES "cannot tax or earn state aid." Districts pay for the services they choose, and the state can send BOCES aid back to those districts.
- The Big 5 are separate. BOCES membership is not available to the Big 5 city school districts: New York City, Buffalo, Rochester, Syracuse and Yonkers.
How BOCES works, in one picture
How districts buy services (CoSers)
A CoSer (Cooperative Service Agreement or Application) is the formal document for one shared service. NYSED says BOCES statewide run "over 5,000 CO-SERs" each year.
- Spring
Each district decides which shared services it wants for next year. NYSED's guide says districts decide in April. - Agreement
The district and BOCES sign a CoSer. A service must be shared by two or more districts (or a district and BOCES). - Approval
NYSED approves each aided service for one year only. An unapproved service is not aidable. - School year
BOCES delivers the service. The district pays its share.BOCES prepares aid claims for its component districts. - Next school year
The state returns part of the cost as BOCES aid. NYSED says the amount uses a formula that "takes into account the districts' financial resources."
What a shared service costs a district
A district buys a shared service for $100,000. Pretend its BOCES aid ratio is 0.40 (a made-up number; real ratios come from the state formula).
The district still pays the full $100,000 this year. The aid comes later. Ask your district business office for the real numbers.
Who runs a BOCES?
The BOCES board
- The Commissioner sets the board size: 5 to 15 members (Education Law §1950).
- Members are elected by the boards of the component districts.
- A full term is three years, starting July 1 after the election.
- Elections happen at the annual BOCES meeting, held in April.
The District Superintendent
- The chief executive officer of a BOCES.
- By law, "the executive officer of the board."
- Also serves as a representative of the Commissioner of Education in the region.
Want to watch? BOCES board meetings are public. Each BOCES posts its board calendar and budget on its website. Find yours in the directory.
How BOCES can touch a student's day
Many students never set foot in a BOCES building, but BOCES may still be part of their day. Ask your school which of these it uses.
- 🔧 Half-day career classes. High school students can spend half the day at a BOCES technical center.
- 🧩 Special education. Some students with IEPs attend BOCES classes or get BOCES therapists and teachers in their own school.
- 💻 School technology. RICs run student information systems, data reporting and network services for many districts.
- 📝 Tests. Some BOCES offer Regents exam scoring and assessment services.
- 🎭 Visiting artists. Arts-in-Education programs bring performers and artists into schools.
- ☀️ Summer school. Several BOCES run regional summer school.
- 👩🏫 Better-trained teachers. Teachers take workshops and courses at BOCES.
A short history
- 1948The Legislature passes the law creating BOCES, to help small rural districts combine resources.
- 1950sCooperative boards spread across the state. Laws from 1950 and 1951 still shape BOCES today.
- 1972The Intermediate School District Act is repealed. BOCES become New York's regional education units.
- Today37 BOCES serve nearly all of the state's school districts. The Big 5 city districts are not members.
Similar organizations
These groups also help New York schools. Some are part of the state system; others are associations or nonprofits.
- BOCES of NYS: the statewide voice of the 37 BOCES. boces.org
- Regional Information Centers (RICs): 12 technology and data centers organized under BOCES. List of RICs
- Conference of Big 5 School Districts: represents the city districts that work outside the BOCES system. big5schools.org
- NYS Teacher Centers: teacher-led professional learning centers under Education Law §316. NYSED Teacher Centers
- Staff/Curriculum Development Network (SCDN): curriculum and professional learning leaders from the 37 BOCES and the Big 5. NYSED: SCDN
- Regional Bilingual Education Resource Networks (RBERNs): eight NYSED-funded centers that help schools serve English Language Learners. NYSED RBERNs
- OSE Educational Partnership: NYSED's network of support for students with disabilities, including Regional Partnership Centers and Family and Community Engagement (FACE) Centers. You may still see the older name RSE-TASC on some pages. osepartnership.org
- NYS Center for School Safety: helps schools with safety plans, SAVE and Dignity Act training, under NYSED's direction. NYSED page
- NYSSBA (New York State School Boards Association): training, policy and legal services for school boards. nyssba.org
- NYSCOSS (New York State Council of School Superintendents): the association for superintendents and district leaders. nyscoss.org
- NYSUT (New York State United Teachers): the statewide union for school, college and health care professionals, with regional offices. nysut.org
- NYS PTA: the state branch of the national PTA, founded in 1897. nyspta.org
- SCOPE Education Services (Long Island): a nonprofit that runs before- and after-school care, Pre-K, enrichment and professional development with school districts. scopeonline.us
- School-business partnerships: many BOCES career programs work with local employers for internships and advisory boards. Ask your BOCES career center.
Sources
Rules and lists change. If this page and an official page disagree, the official page wins. All links checked Nov 8, 2026.
- NYSED, Boards of Cooperative Educational Services (BOCES) (37 BOCES, 1948, 1972, Big 5): p12.nysed.gov/mgtserv/boces (checked Nov 8, 2026)
- NYSED, BOCES primer (board elected by component boards, April annual meeting, district superintendent, BOCES aid the following year): primer.html (checked Nov 8, 2026)
- NYSED, BOCES service delivery and CoSers (over 5,000 CoSers, April decisions, cannot tax): servicedelivery.html (checked Nov 8, 2026)
- NYSED, BOCES Handbook 1 (shared by two or more districts, approved one year, aid claimed the year after): BOCES-Handbook-1-2022.pdf (checked Nov 8, 2026)
- NYSED, Directory of Supervisory Districts and BOCES: p12.nysed.gov/ds/directory.html (checked Nov 8, 2026)
- NY Education Law §1950 (board size, terms, executive officer, Commissioner approval): nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/EDN/1950 (checked Nov 8, 2026)
- BOCES of NYS, About BOCES (37 BOCES, Big 5, state audits, District Superintendent): boces.org and Regional BOCES Directory: boces.org/regional-boces-directory (checked Nov 8, 2026)
- BOCES of NYS, About RICs (12 RICs): boces.org/about-regional-information-centers-rics (checked Nov 8, 2026)
- Western Suffolk BOCES, About (component districts incl. Deer Park): wsboces.org/aboutus (checked Nov 8, 2026)
- Eastern Suffolk BOCES programs (assessment services, Arts-in-Education, Regional Summer School): esboces.org/programs-services (checked Nov 8, 2026)
- NYSED Teacher Centers: nysed.gov/standards-instruction/teacher-centers; SCDN: nysed.gov/video/staff-curriculum-development-network; RBERNs: nysed.gov/bilingual-ed/regional-supportrberns; Parent Resources (OSE Educational Partnership): nysed.gov/special-education/parent-resources; NYS Center for School Safety: nysed.gov (all checked Nov 8, 2026)
- Conference of Big 5 School Districts: big5schools.org; NYSSBA: nyssba.org; NYSCOSS: nyscoss.org; NYSUT: nysut.org; NYS PTA: nyspta.org; SCOPE: scopeonline.us (all checked Nov 8, 2026)